AI-Enabled IoT Electricity Theft Detection & Smart Billing System (Arduino UNO + IoT + Smart Analytics)

 

🎯 Project Objective

To detect electricity theft by comparing load-side and supply-side current, automatically generate billing, and send real-time alerts to the electricity board via IoT.

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🧠 Technologies Used

• Arduino UNO

• IoT (ESP8266 WiFi)

• Dual Current Sensors

• Cloud Analytics

• Smart Alert System

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🧩 Hardware Components

Component	Quantity
Arduino UNO	1
ESP8266 WiFi Module	1
ACS712 Current Sensor	2
16×2 LCD (I2C)	1
Relay Module	1
Buzzer	1
Load (Bulb / Fan)	1
Breadboard	1
Jumper Wires	As required

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🔌 Block Diagram (Concept)

Supply Line ──► Sensor-1 ──► Meter ──► Load
                     │
Load Line   ──► Sensor-2 ──► Arduino ──► IoT Cloud
                                    ├─► Alert
                                    └─► Billing

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⚙️ Working Principle

1. Sensor-1 measures current from main supply

2. Sensor-2 measures current going to load

3. Arduino compares both values

4. If difference > threshold → Power Theft Detected

5. Theft alert sent via IoT Cloud + Mobile App

6. Relay cuts power automatically

7. Normal usage → Smart energy billing continues

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🧮 Theft Detection Logic

If |I_supply − I_load| > Threshold
→ Electricity Theft

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💻 Arduino Code (Core Logic)

#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2);
SoftwareSerial esp(2,3);

float I_supply, I_load;
float threshold = 0.5;

void setup() {
  lcd.init();
  lcd.backlight();
  esp.begin(9600);

  pinMode(7, OUTPUT);  // Relay
  pinMode(6, OUTPUT);  // Buzzer

  lcd.print("Smart Theft Sys");
  delay(2000);
}

void loop() {
  I_supply = analogRead(A0) * 0.026;
  I_load   = analogRead(A1) * 0.026;

  lcd.clear();
  lcd.print("Is:");
  lcd.print(I_supply);
  lcd.setCursor(0,1);
  lcd.print("Il:");
  lcd.print(I_load);

  if (abs(I_supply - I_load) > threshold) {
    digitalWrite(6, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(7, LOW);
    sendAlert();
  } else {
    digitalWrite(6, LOW);
    digitalWrite(7, HIGH);
  }

  delay(2000);
}

void sendAlert() {
  esp.println("AT+CIPSTART=\"TCP\",\"api.thingspeak.com\",80");
  delay(2000);
}

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🌐 IoT Dashboard Features

✔ Live Supply vs Load Graph
✔ Theft Alert Notification
✔ Smart Billing History
✔ Monthly Report