Intelligent Agriculture Monitoring System using Arduino

 

Project Objective

To monitor soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and light in a farm and automatically control irrigation using Arduino.
This helps farmers save water, increase crop yield, and reduce manual work.

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🧠 Working Principle (Simple)

• Sensors collect real-time data from the field

• Arduino processes the data

• If soil is dry → water pump ON

• If soil is wet → pump OFF

• Data can be shown on LCD / mobile app (optional IoT)

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🔧 Components Required

Component	Quantity
Arduino UNO	1
Soil Moisture Sensor	1
DHT11 (Temp & Humidity)	1
LDR (Light Sensor)	1
Relay Module (5V)	1
Water Pump (DC)	1
16x2 LCD (optional)	1
9V Battery / Adapter	1
Jumper Wires	As required
Breadboard	1

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🔌 Block Diagram (Concept)

Soil Sensor ─┐
DHT11 ──────┼──► Arduino UNO ───► Relay ───► Water Pump
LDR ────────┘
                  │
                  └──► LCD Display

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⚙️ Circuit Connections (Summary)

• Soil Sensor

  • VCC → 5V

  • GND → GND

  • A0 → Arduino A0

• DHT11

  • Data → D2

  • VCC → 5V

  • GND → GND

• Relay Module

  • IN → D8

  • VCC → 5V

  • GND → GND

• Water Pump

  • Connected through relay (NO & COM)

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💻 Arduino Code (Simple)

#include <DHT.h>

#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define SOIL A0
#define RELAY 8

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);

void setup() {
  pinMode(RELAY, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  dht.begin();
}

void loop() {
  int soilValue = analogRead(SOIL);
  float temp = dht.readTemperature();
  float hum = dht.readHumidity();

  Serial.print("Soil: ");
  Serial.print(soilValue);
  Serial.print(" Temp: ");
  Serial.print(temp);
  Serial.print(" Humidity: ");
  Serial.println(hum);

  if (soilValue > 600) {
    digitalWrite(RELAY, LOW); // Pump ON
  } else {
    digitalWrite(RELAY, HIGH); // Pump OFF
  }

  delay(2000);
}

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📊 Output

• Automatically waters plants when soil is dry

• Displays temperature & humidity

• Saves water and electricity

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🎓 Applications

• Smart farming 🌾

• Greenhouses

• Home gardening

• Agricultural research

• IoT-based smart villages

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⭐ Advantages

✔ Low cost
✔ Automatic irrigation
✔ Easy to build
✔ Student-friendly
✔ Expandable to IoT